What underlying factors are indicated in the "Why" of the Iceberg Model?

The correct choice highlights the foundational elements that shape a person's or a culture's behavior and interactions. In the context of the Iceberg Model, which is used to explore the depth of cultural understanding, the "why" represents the deeper layers that influence observable behaviors.

Values are the core beliefs that guide actions and judgments. They dictate what individuals or societies consider important, affecting everything from decision-making processes to interpersonal relationships. Beliefs, on the other hand, relate to what is accepted as true within a culture, impacting how members of that culture interpret their world. Norms encompass the unwritten rules and expectations governing behavior within a social group, shaping interactions and societal functions.

This choice effectively encapsulates the internal motivations and underlying frameworks that inform how people act, which is critical for understanding cultural dynamics. The other options, while related to cultural expression, do not delve into the internalized components that drive actions and decisions in the same way.